Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d - Caroutlet.eu

This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies.

Print

Volkswagen Polo

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #2

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #3

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #4

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #5

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #6

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #7

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #8

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #9

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #10

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #11

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #12

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #13

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #14

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #15

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #16

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #17

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #18

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #19

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #20

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #21

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #22

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #23

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #24

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #25

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #26

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #27

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #28

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #29

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #30

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #31

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #32

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #33

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #34

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #35

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #36

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #37

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #38

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #39

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #40

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #41

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #42

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #43

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #44

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #45

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #46

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #47

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #48

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #49

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #50

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #51

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #52

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #53

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #54

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #55

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #56

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #57

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #58

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #59

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #60

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #61

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #62

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #63

Main pictures 63

Sales closing
Friday at 15:00

04:20:34

€

To see the full information about lot and bid in the auction you need to sign in or register

CarOutlet — car auction is the most simple and advantageous process for dealers to buy ex-lease vehicles:

Free registration and participation.
Transparent pricing.
Low commission: only €100 + 1% of the purchase price.
Delivery to the buyer`s home.
More than 5,000 cars every week.

How to buy a car on CarOutlet

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #2

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #3

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #4

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #5

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #6

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #7

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #8

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #9

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #10

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #11

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #12

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #13

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #14

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #15

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #16

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #17

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #18

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #19

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #20

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #21

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #22

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #23

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #24

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #25

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #26

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #27

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #28

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #29

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #30

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #31

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #32

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #33

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #34

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #35

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #36

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #37

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #38

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #39

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #40

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #41

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #42

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #43

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #44

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #45

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #46

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #47

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #48

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #49

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #50

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #51

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #52

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #53

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #54

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #55

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #56

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #57

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #58

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #59

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #60

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #61

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #62

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #63

Main pictures 63

First registration
01-08-2020
Mileage
123 097 km

Fuel type
Petrol
Engine size
999 cc
Transmission
Manual (5 transmission)

Origin country
Netherlands

Make, model
Volkswagen Polo
Type
Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d

Engine power
70 kW, 95 hp
COВІemission
105
Colour
Grey

Body type
Hatchback
Doors
5

Maintenance history

Date	Mileage	Company name	Description	Amount
2024-10-01	104 268 km		Longl 30 z.olie (inspectie)
2024-10-01	104 268 km		APK
2023-11-01	93 144 km		Longlife
2023-11-01	93 144 km		Luchtfilter
2023-11-01	93 144 km		Ruitenwisserblad voorzijde links en rechts
2023-11-01	93 144 km		Ruitenwisserblad achterzijde links
2023-11-01	93 144 km		interieurluchtfilter
2023-04-01	72 372 km		Ruitenwisserblad voorzijde links en rechts
2023-04-01	72 372 km		Ruitenwisserblad achterzijde links
2022-11-01	61 289 km		Longlife
2022-11-01	61 289 km		Remvloeistof
2022-11-01	61 289 km		Ruitenwisserblad voorzijde links en rechts
2022-11-01	61 289 km		Ruitenwisserblad achterzijde links
2022-10-01	59 271 km		Olie
2021-10-01	31 596 km		Longlife
2021-10-01	31 596 km		interieurluchtfilter
2021-04-01	17 221 km		Olie
2021-04-01	17 221 km		Boordcomputer

Equipment

Navigation system
Smart phone mirror link
Automatic air-conditionning

Multifunction display screen
Adaptative cruise control
Parking sensor front/rear

Drive Mode SelectIon

First registration
01-08-2020
Mileage
123 097 km

Fuel type
Petrol
Engine size
999 cc
Transmission
Manual (5 transmission)

Origin country
Netherlands

Make, model
Volkswagen Polo
Type
Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d

Engine power
70 kW, 95 hp
COВІemission
105
Colour
Grey

Body type
Hatchback
Doors
5

Maintenance history

Date	Mileage	Company name	Description	Amount
2024-10-01	104 268 km		Longl 30 z.olie (inspectie)
2024-10-01	104 268 km		APK
2023-11-01	93 144 km		Longlife
2023-11-01	93 144 km		Luchtfilter
2023-11-01	93 144 km		Ruitenwisserblad voorzijde links en rechts
2023-11-01	93 144 km		Ruitenwisserblad achterzijde links
2023-11-01	93 144 km		interieurluchtfilter
2023-04-01	72 372 km		Ruitenwisserblad voorzijde links en rechts
2023-04-01	72 372 km		Ruitenwisserblad achterzijde links
2022-11-01	61 289 km		Longlife
2022-11-01	61 289 km		Remvloeistof
2022-11-01	61 289 km		Ruitenwisserblad voorzijde links en rechts
2022-11-01	61 289 km		Ruitenwisserblad achterzijde links
2022-10-01	59 271 km		Olie
2021-10-01	31 596 km		Longlife
2021-10-01	31 596 km		interieurluchtfilter
2021-04-01	17 221 km		Olie
2021-04-01	17 221 km		Boordcomputer

Equipment

Navigation system
Smart phone mirror link
Automatic air-conditionning

Multifunction display screen
Adaptative cruise control
Parking sensor front/rear

Drive Mode SelectIon

Similar lots from other auctions

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d

Main pictures

Lot № 33493180
04:20:33

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #1

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #2

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #3

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #4

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #5

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #6

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #7

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #8

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #9

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #10

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #11

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #12

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #13

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #14

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #15

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #16

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #17

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #18

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #19

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #20

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #21

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #22

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #23

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #24

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #25

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #26

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #27

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #28

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #29

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #30

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #31

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #32

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #33

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #34

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #35

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #36

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #37

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #38

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #39

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #40

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #41

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #42

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #43

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #44

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #45

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #46

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #47

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #48

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #49

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #50

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #51

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #52

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #53

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #54

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #55

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #56

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #57

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #58

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #59

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #60

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #61

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #62

Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen 1.0 TSI 70kW Comfortline Business 5d #63

Back to the lot page

A seller is considering the offers of not less than 90% of the "Buy now" price.

Preliminary price calculation

Стоимость всех услуг

€ 1655

Итоговая стоимость

€ 30 245

Включая 21 % НДС

€ 37 255

Лот 4 — Lexus RX 450

Моих ставок нет

Текущая ставка € 12 500

Принимаются последние ставки

Осталось 00:25

Лот 3 — Audi A8

Моих ставок нет

Текущая ставка € 15 500

Принимаются последние ставки

Осталось 00:15

Лот 32 — Mercedes S350

Моя текущая ставка € 120 500 выигрывает

Лот 144 — Citroen C5

Моя текущая ставка € 12 500 выигрывает

Лот 148 — Renault Laguna

Моя ставка € 9500 проигрывает

Текущая ставка € 9600

The price of the car with
delivery to the logistics center CarOutlet and documentation processing

The date of first registration of a car in the country of origin.
The year of first registration may differ from the year of production.

Аукцион с фиксированной ценой

Предварительный расчёт стоимости

Вероятность выиграть лот

30%

Стоимость всех услуг

€ 1655

Итоговая стоимость

€ 30 245

Включая 21 % НДС

€ 37 255

Сделанную ставку нельзя отменить. Каждая ставка является юридическим обязательством к заключению сделки, даже если пользователь впоследствии решит не подтверждать ставку.

Купить сейчас по фиксированной цене

Марка

Модель

Год

Рабочий объем

Мощность

Двигатель

Номер двигателя

Данные предоставлены vin.su

Auction with fixed price

Classic auction

Offer a price (blind auction)

Are you sure you want to buy this car?

An error has occurred

You may specify the maximum amount up to which the system will automatically raise the bid on your account in increments of € 100 when another participant overbids the current bid.

Each bid is considered to be a legal obligation for conclusion of a transaction, even if the user later decides not to confirm the bid.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices.

Вероятность выигрыша. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices.

Place of issue of the vehicle

The Bid Assistant estimates the probability of success based on past auction data. The forecast does not guarantee success - the outcome depends on market conditions and the actions of other participants.